ABSTRACT
Objective To study the growth regulation, environmental adaption and epigenetic regulation of Chrysomyia Megacephala pupae, in order to obtain the transcriptome data of Chrysomyia Megacephala in different growing periods, and lay the foundation for forensic application. Methods The Chrysomyia Megacephala was cultivated and after pupation, 3 pupae were collected every 24 h from pupation to emergence, and stored at -80 ℃ for later use. High-throughput sequencing was performed by Illumina Hiseq 4000 and Unigenes were obtained. The Unigenes were compared by comparison tool BLAST from NCBI in databases such as NR, STRING, SWISS-PROT （including Pfam）, GO, COG, KEGG in order to obtain the corresponding annotation information. The expression amount of Unigenes obtained by sequencing in Chrysomyia Megacephala in six different growing periods was calculated by FPKM method, and the discrepant genes were screened according to the following standards： the log2 multiple absolute value of FPKM expression amount between two different growing periods must be larger than 1 （log2|FC|>1）, and the false discovery rate must be less than 0.05. Results When the mean temperature was 25.6 ℃, Chrysomyia Megacephala emerged 6 d after they pupated. A total of 43 408 pieces of Unigenes were obtained and their mean length was 905 bp, of which 32 500, 18 720, 13 542, 9 191 and 18 720 pieces were annotated by NR, SWISS-PORT, Pfam, STRING and KEGG databases. According to the discrepant gene analysis of pupae in two different growing periods, the number of genes with variants ranged from 801 to 5 307, and the total number of discrepant genes was 45 676. Conclusion The gene expressions of the transcriptome data of Chrysomyia Megacephala pupae in different growing periods are different. The results provided a good foundation for further research on the transcriptome changes in each period of the pupae of sarcosaprophagous flies and provided the basis for exploring the genes associated with the growth of Chrysomyia Megacephala pupae.
Subject(s)
Animals , Epigenesis, Genetic , Gene Expression Profiling , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Molecular Sequence Annotation , Pupa/genetics , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence (UI) among perimenopausal women in Wuhan. A cross-sectional survey was performed on 1067 women aged 40-65 years sampled in Wuhan urban area from April to October 2014. Information about demographic characteristics, menstruation, parity and UI symptoms was collected using a questionnaire. The data were evaluated by Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression analysis. The prevalence rate of UI was 37.2%, with stress UI (32.2%) being more prevalent than urgency UI (21.6%) and mixed UI (16.6%). 31.2% women with UI stated that UI had negative impact on their life. Risk factors for UI included menstrual disorder, menopause, overweight, perineal laceration, atrophic vaginitis, constipation and pelvic organ prolapse. Appropriate investigation apropos the factors associated with UI should be performed to diminish its impact on women's life.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Atrophic Vaginitis , Epidemiology , Constipation , Epidemiology , Lacerations , Epidemiology , Menstrual Cycle , Physiology , Overweight , Epidemiology , Pelvic Organ Prolapse , Epidemiology , Perimenopause , Physiology , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urinary Incontinence , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of CD44 in leukemia cell lines and its role in adhesion, migration and infiltration of leukemia cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression levels of CD44 in four leukemia cell lines SHI-1, THP-1, NB4 and K562 were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot when they were in logarithmic phase. And these cell lines were divided into control group (treated with same species and isotype IgG) and experimental group (treated with anti-CD44 mono-clonal antibody). The assays of cell-cell adhesion to endothelial cells line ECV304, migration through the artificial matrix membrane and infiltration through the Matrigel were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative expression ratios of CD44 to GAPDH in SHI-1, THP-1, NB4 cells were 0.0731 ± 0.0072, 0.0827 ± 0.0151 and 0.1473 ± 0.0365, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in K562 cells (0.0002 ± 0.0000, P < 0.01). Cell-cell adhesion assay showed that the adhesion rates of SHI-1, THP-1 and NB4 cells in the experimental group decreased to 72.78%, 64.09% and 57.42%, respectively, and were lower than those of the control groups, while that of K562 cells in the experimental group was 106.16%. Migration assay showed that the transmembrane rates of SHI-1,THP-1 and NB4 cells were 55%, 29% and 25% in the control group, respectively, and decreased to 32%, 18% and 12% in the experimental group, respectively, while those of K562 cells in both control group and experimental group remained 2%. The infiltration rates of SHI-1, THP-1 and NB4 cells decreased from 24%, 15% and 13% in the control group to 12%, 8% and 4% in the experimental group, respectively, while K562 cells in both groups could not pass through the Matrigel.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD44 antigen might play an important role in the adhesion, migration and infiltration of leukemia cells and be involved in the extra-medullary infiltration of leukemia cells.</p>